SSUSH9:
The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.
b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.
b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
A. EXPLAIN THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, THE FAILURE OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, DRED SCOTT CASE, AND JOHN BROWN’S RAID.
B. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
C. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
Key Leaders of Civil War
The political and military leaders of the Union and the Confederacy represented the different beliefs and values that separated the North from the South. The northern leaders thought it was illegal for the southern states to secede from the Union. They considered the Confederates outlaws, not citizens of a separate country. On the other hand, the southern leaders put loyalty to their home states above everything else. They fought for the Confederacy to protect their homes, even though they may have had misgivings about secession.
The political and military leaders of the Union and the Confederacy represented the different beliefs and values that separated the North from the South. The northern leaders thought it was illegal for the southern states to secede from the Union. They considered the Confederates outlaws, not citizens of a separate country. On the other hand, the southern leaders put loyalty to their home states above everything else. They fought for the Confederacy to protect their homes, even though they may have had misgivings about secession.
North/Union
Abraham Lincoln
• U.S. representative from Illinois • President of United States of America, 1861–1865 • Appointed Gen. Ulysses S. Grant commanding general of Union armies • Issued Emancipation Proclamation • Promoted Thirteenth Amendment to Constitution Ulysses S. Grant • Graduated from U.S. Military Academy, West Point • Won first Union victories • Captured control of Mississippi River in Siege of Vicksburg • Appointed commanding general of Union armies by Lincoln • Accepted surrender of Confederate Gen. Lee to end Civil War William Tecumseh Sherman • Graduated from U.S. Military Academy, West Point • Served under Gen. Grant during Siege of Vicksburg • Destroyed Atlanta; ended Confederate’s ability to fight • Accepted surrender of all Confederate armies in Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida |
South/ConfederacyJefferson Davis
• Graduated from U.S. Military Academy, West Point • U.S. senator from Mississippi • U.S. secretary of war • President of Confederate States of America, 1861–1865 • Appointed Robert E. Lee as general in chief of Confederate armies Robert E. Lee • Graduated from U.S. Military Academy, West Point • Fought larger Union armies to standoff at Battle ofAntietam • Defeated at Battle of Gettysburg • Appointed general in chief of Confederate armies by Davis • Surrendered to U.S. Gen. Grant to end Civil War Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • Graduated from U.S. Military Academy, West Point • Won First Battle of Bull Run • Fought under Confederate Gen. Lee at Antietam and Second Bull Run • Died in battle |
D. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
Key Battles of the Civil War
Union and Confederate forces fought many battles in the Civil War’s four years. Land battles were fought mostly in states west of the Mississippi River; sea battles were fought along the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of Mexico; and river battles were fought on the Mississippi.
Union and Confederate forces fought many battles in the Civil War’s four years. Land battles were fought mostly in states west of the Mississippi River; sea battles were fought along the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of Mexico; and river battles were fought on the Mississippi.
E. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln used his emergency powers again to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. It emancipated (freed) all slaves held in the Confederate states. Lincoln did not expect Confederate slaveholders to free their slaves, but he thought news of the proclamation would reach southern slaves and encourage them to flee to the North. Lincoln believed one reason southern whites were free to join the Confederate Army was because slaves were doing war work that, otherwise, the whites would have to do. Encouraging slaves to flee north would hurt the southern war effort.
Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves held in the North, it was warmly welcomed by African Americans living in Union states. They understood the proclamation announced a new goal for the Union troops––besides preserving the Union, the troops were fighting for the belief that the United States would abolish slavery throughout the nation.
The announcement of Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation was one of the main actions of the Civil War. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves residing in territory that was in rebellion against the federal government. This encouraged slaves in the South to attempt to escape. As the number of runaway slaves climbed, the South’s ability to produce cotton and food declined. To counter this, the South devoted some of its manpower to keeping slaves from running away. In addition, following the proclamation, the North began to allow African Americans to join the Union army. While few served in combat, more than 150,000 African Americans took the place of white soldiers by garrisoning forts and working behind the front lines. This was the equivalent of giving the North a new army larger than the South’s. Some historians believe this was enough to guarantee a northern victory. The Emancipation Proclamation had a very practical effect on the outcome of the war. When you think about it, do not forget its impact on manpower and the outcome of the Civil War.
Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves held in the North, it was warmly welcomed by African Americans living in Union states. They understood the proclamation announced a new goal for the Union troops––besides preserving the Union, the troops were fighting for the belief that the United States would abolish slavery throughout the nation.
The announcement of Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation was one of the main actions of the Civil War. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves residing in territory that was in rebellion against the federal government. This encouraged slaves in the South to attempt to escape. As the number of runaway slaves climbed, the South’s ability to produce cotton and food declined. To counter this, the South devoted some of its manpower to keeping slaves from running away. In addition, following the proclamation, the North began to allow African Americans to join the Union army. While few served in combat, more than 150,000 African Americans took the place of white soldiers by garrisoning forts and working behind the front lines. This was the equivalent of giving the North a new army larger than the South’s. Some historians believe this was enough to guarantee a northern victory. The Emancipation Proclamation had a very practical effect on the outcome of the war. When you think about it, do not forget its impact on manpower and the outcome of the Civil War.
F. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
North versus South
When southern forces opened fire on Union forces at Fort Sumter, they began a war that would last four years and take the lives of 821,000 soldiers. From the start, the Confederacy was at a serious disadvantage. The southern economy differed greatly from the economy of the northern states, and, in the end, the numerical and industrial superiority of the northern economy proved too much for the South to overcome.
North
Industry and trade
71% of U.S. population; 99% free, 1% slave; large enough to assemble an army capable of defending the Union 92% of U.S. industrial output; generous resources to produce weapons and other military supplies and equipment Many citizens worked for someone else and owned no property. Even in large-scale farming regions, machines reduced the need for agricultural workers. 34% of U.S. exports; favored high tariffs on imported foreign goods to protect northern industries and workers’ jobs More than twice as much as the South produced 71% of U.S. railroad network; efficient railway transport system. Ready capacity to transport troops and their supplies, food, etc. |
SouthAgriculture
29% of U.S. population; 67% free, 33% slave; too few free men to assemble an army capable of defending the South 8% of U.S. industrial output; minimal resources to produce many weapons and other military supplies and equipment Though most Southerners owned slaves, the economy of the South as a whole depended on the production of cash crops such as cotton, corn, rice, and tobacco, which required human labor and depended on slavery. 66% of U.S. exports; favored low (or no) tariffs on imported goods to keep the prices of manufactured goods more affordable Less than half as much as the North produced 29% of U.S. railroad network; inefficient railway transport system. Poor capacity to transport troops and their supplies, food, etc. |